清胰汤和姜黄素调整肠道微生态对重症急性胰腺炎的治疗机制

摘要： 目的 探讨清胰汤和姜黄素调整肠道微生态治疗重症急性胰腺炎 （SAP） 的机制。方法 40只SPF级健康 Wistar大鼠, 按照随机数字法分为4组, 对照组、 模型组、 清胰汤组、 姜黄素组, 每组10只。通过注射牛磺胆酸钠 （Na- Fc）, 诱发大鼠形成SAP模型, 建模前清胰汤组、 姜黄素组分别用相应中药汤剂灌胃1周。采用苏木素-伊红 （HE） 染色法观察结肠和胰腺组织病理变化, 收集大鼠盲肠段粪便, 16S rDNA测序技术分析4组大鼠肠道微生物菌群的变化。结果 病理结果显示, 模型组肠组织表现为肠壁水肿, 肠黏膜上皮缺损、 脱落等, 上皮下间质空隙变宽, 大量的中性粒细胞 （PMN） 等炎性细胞浸润等; 胰腺组织表现为胰腺腺泡水肿、 坏死, 叶间隔增宽, 大量的PMN等炎性细胞浸润等, 而中药清胰汤和姜黄素组可减轻模型组中的胰腺损伤和肠黏膜受损程度 （P＜0.05）。肠道菌群微生态结果显示清胰汤或 （和） 姜黄素组可有效降低SAP大鼠厚壁菌门 （包括梭菌纲、 芽孢杆菌纲）、 毛螺菌属数量菌群含量, 升高拟杆菌门 （包括拟杆菌纲、 拟杆菌属） 和乳酸杆菌属含量。结论 中药清胰汤和姜黄素可增加SAP大鼠的肠道菌群的多样性和丰富性, 调控微生物生态平衡, 增加益生菌群的含量, 降低有害菌群的定植能力, 从而达到对肠道的保护作用。     

基因突变检测在骨髓增生异常综合征诊疗中的应用

骨髓增生异常综合征 （MDS） 是一种由遗传学异常驱动的克隆性造血干细胞或祖细胞性疾病, 通常表现为全血细胞减少、 病态造血及向白血病转化的高风险。细胞形态学和细胞遗传学异常是目前确立MDS诊断的主要参数。近年来, 随着基因测序技术, 尤其是二代测序技术的快速发展和广泛应用, 大多数MDS患者可检出基因突变。本文就基因突变在MDS诊断、 分型、 危险度分层和治疗中的应用作一评述。     

Differential removal of human pathogenic viruses from sewage by conventional and ozone treatments

Sewage contains a mixed ecosystem of diverse sets of microorganisms, including human pathogenic viruses. Little is known about how conventional as well as advanced treatments of sewage, such as ozonation, reduce the environmental spread of viruses. Analyses for viruses were therefore conducted for three weeks in influent, after conventional treatment, after additional ozonation, and after passing an open dam system at a full-scale treatment plant in Knivsta, Sweden. Viruses were concentrated by adsorption to a positively charged filter, from which they were eluted and pelleted by ultracentrifugation, with a recovery of about 10%. Ion Torrent sequencing was used to analyze influent, leading to the identification of at least 327 viral species, most of which belonged to 25 families with some having unclear classification. Real-time PCR was used to test for 21 human-related viruses in inlet, conventionally treated, and ozone-treated sewage and outlet waters. The viruses identified in influent and further analyzed were adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, parechovirus, hepatitis E virus, astrovirus, pecovirus, picobirnavirus, parvovirus, and gokushovirus. Conventional treatment reduced viral concentrations by one to four log10, with the exception of adenovirus and parvovirus, for which the removal was less efficient. Ozone treatment led to a further reduction by one to two log10, but less for adenovirus. This study showed that the amount of all viruses was reduced by conventional sewage treatment. Further ozonation reduced the amounts of several viruses to undetectable levels, indicating that this is a promising technique for reducing the transmission of many pathogenic human viruses.     

Combined cap disease and nemaline myopathy in the same patient caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the TPM3 gene

The slow α-tropomyosin gene (TPM3) has been associated with three distinct histological entities: nemaline myopathy (NM, NEM1), congenital fibre-type disproportion (CFTD), and cap disease (CD). Here we describe a patient presenting an early-onset congenital myopathy associated with a combination of well separated cap structures and nemaline bodies in his muscle biopsy. Exome sequencing analysis allowed us to identify a de novo missense mutation in the TPM3 gene. Our study confirms the extreme variability of morphological findings in TPM3-related myopathies, and proves that cap and nemaline bodies are two sides of the same ‘coin’.     

Current molecular genetics strategies for the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of almost 50 monogenic diseases characterized by mutations causing deficiency of lysosomal enzymes or non-enzyme proteins involved in transport across the lysosomal membrane, protein maturation or lysosomal biogenesis. Usually, affected patients are normal at birth and have a progressive and severe disease with high morbidity and reduced life expectancy. The overall incidence of LSDs is usually estimated as 1:5000, but newborn screening studies are indicating that it could be much higher. Specific therapies were already developed for selected LSDs, making the timely and correct diagnosis very important for successful treatment and also for genetic counseling. In most LSD cases the biochemical techniques provide a reliable diagnosis. However, the identification of pathogenic mutations by genetic analysis is being increasingly recommended to provide additional information. In this paper we discuss the conventional methods for genetic analysis used in the LSDs [restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC), real-time polymerase chain reaction, high resolution melting (HRM), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), Sanger sequencing] and also the newer approaches [massive parallel sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)].     

多药耐药基因C3435T与G2677T/A单核苷酸多态性检测方法的探讨

目的 建立简便、快速检测多药耐药基因(MDR1)C3435T与G2677T/A单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的方法 .方法 针对MDR1 C3435T分别设计相对的两对引物-聚合酶链反应(PCR-CTPP)、序列特异性聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)及DNA测序方法 的引物,针对MDR1 G2677T/A分别设计PCR-SSP和DNA测序方法 的引物,优化PCR反应条件.将PCR-CTPP和PCR-SSP方法 的基因分型结果 与DNA测序结果 进行比对,确定准确性.在优化条件下,分别对50例健康体检者的外周血白细胞DNA进行MDR1 C3435T和C2677T/A基因型分析.结果 通过条件优化,PCR-CIPP、PCR-SSP方法 可快速的清晰区分MDR1 C3435T与G2677T/A的基因型,结果 与DNA测序方法 相符合.50例健康体检个体MDR1 C3435T与G2677T/A的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05).MDR1 C3435T PCR-CTPP结合G2677T/A PCR-SSP的检测方法 为最佳选择.结论PCR-CTPP、PCR-SSP方法 可简单、准确、经济、快速地检测MDR1 C3435T、G2677T/A SNPs,具有临床应用价值.     

bcr/abl基因b3-a2型接合区cDNA的分离和序列分析

利用分子生物学方法,我们将K562细胞林bcr/abl mRNA 0.3kb的接合区cDNA片段用聚合酶链反应扩增并插入到质粒pGEM-4-Z载体中。经限制酶切分析和荧光标记M13引物法DNA序列测定,证实重组质粒pB3A2中有0.3kb的插入片段与K562 mRNA接合区序列完全一致。我们分离到的接合区DNA可用于bcr/abl基因的检测及其反义核酸抑制的研究。